Fluoride is a widely distributed nephrotoxin with exposure potentially resulting from environmental fluorine excess.Kidney is the main excretory organ of fluorine.

肾脏是氟排泄器官，当机体摄入过量氟超过肾排泄力时，肾组织细胞就会因处于高氟环境而受。

The development of the kidney, the major excretory organ after birth, consists of 3 stages: the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.

肾脏是人体排泄器官，它发育经过原肾、中肾、后肾3个阶段。